Global efforts to regulate aviation emissions increasingly rely on market-based instruments that aim to reconcile environmental objectives with continued growth in air transport. The Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), introduced by the International Civil Aviation Organization, represents a landmark intervention in this regard. While existing assessments of CORSIA primarily focus on emissions coverage and compliance costs, considerably less attention has been paid to how airlines strategically adapt their network structures in response to carbon constraints, and whether these adaptations align with policy intent. This paper examines how carbon offsetting regulation may induce unintended network restructuring in international aviation. Focusing on intercontinental airline networks operating in a competitive yet cooperative environment, the study analyses how airlines reconfigure routes, hubs, and market participation as regulatory stringency increases under CORSIA. Rather than treating airline networks as fixed, the analysis explicitly captures network reorganization as an endogenous behavioural response to carbon regulation. The results indicate that carbon constraints can lead airlines to restructure networks in ways that reduce direct long-haul connectivity, intensify hub concentration, and redistribute market shares across competitors. Importantly, these responses are heterogeneous: airlines with higher fuel efficiency are better positioned to preserve network reach, while less fuel-efficient carriers face stronger incentives to withdraw from certain routes or rely on indirect connections. Such dynamics suggest that CORSIA may influence competitive balance and regional connectivity outcomes beyond its emissions objectives. The study underscores the need for policymakers to account for network-level behavioural responses when evaluating the effectiveness of global aviation climate policies. By revealing how carbon regulation interacts with airline network design, the paper offers insights for improving the design, monitoring, and complementary governance of CORSIA to better align environmental goals with broader economic and connectivity considerations. ? 2026 The Society for Policy Modeling.

Third-party consumer complaints are relatively under-studied despite being the most effortful variant of consumer complaining behavior (CCB). We address this gap by performing a qualitative thematic analysis on adjudicated legal claims selected through multiphase sampling. Through a mix of the inductive and deductive approaches, under-emphasized themes of the phenomenon are extracted from the perspectives of the disputants, adjudicator(s), and the system at the macro level and then summarized into an actionable grievance continuum. We contribute to theory, practice, and policy by linking the hitherto separate domains of market-shaping and consumer complaints and delineating systemic challenges in managing consumer claims. ? 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Purpose ? Service encounters, involving interactions between customers, service providers and other customers within servicescapes, play a critical role in shaping perceptions of inclusion and safety. Despite growing visibility of LGBTQIA+ consumers as a valuable segment, their experiences within servicescapes remain understudied, often filtered through heteronormative assumptions. Design/methodology/approach ? This study addresses this gap by examining co-consumption dynamics, the shared use of service spaces by LGBTQIA+ and heterosexual consumers, and how these interactions influence experiences of inclusion and exclusion. Two qualitative studies to explore perceptions of safe spaces and social inclusivity during service encounters from the perspectives of LGBTQIA+ individuals and heterosexual consumers in India. Building on these insights, a conceptual model was developed and empirically tested to examine the influence of heteronormativity and openness to experience on attitudes towards gender neutrality and social inclusion intentions. Findings ? The findings demonstrate that heteronormativity negatively impacts attitudes towards gender neutrality and social inclusion, while openness to experience positively fosters inclusive attitudes and behaviours within co-consumed service settings. Research limitations/implications ? The study advances service marketing and transformative service literature by illustrating how visible signals of inclusivity, frontline interactions and consumer attitudes intersect to shape equitable and welcoming service experiences. Practical implications ? Practical implications underscore the importance of authentic inclusivity initiatives, including staff training and feedback mechanisms, to foster safe and inclusive servicescapes that enhance consumer participation and satisfaction. Originality/value ? This research contributes to the growing body of literature on inclusive service design, offering practical implications for creating welcoming and equitable service environments that meet the needs of a diverse clientele. ? 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited

The study investigated how environmental regulation, specifically India's National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and the subsequent Paris Agreement, affects the environmental and financial performance of Indian manufacturing firms. Employing a quasi-natural experiment approach, the analysis evaluates how these regulations influence compliance costs, access to external financing, and market valuation for highly polluting firms. The results demonstrate that stringent environmental regulations can incentivize firms to adopt sustainable practices through efficiency-oriented compliance strategies such as process upgradation, leading to reduced abatement expenses and improved access to finance at lower costs. These outcomes provide empirical evidence supporting the weak form of the Porter Hypothesis, showing that well-designed regulations can stimulate innovation and efficiency gains, even when formal research and development (R&D)?led innovation remains limited. The findings further show that the Paris Agreement amplified these effects, facilitating long-term value creation and enhancing market legitimacy. Overall, the study contributes to environmental finance and policy discourse by highlighting how national and global environmental frameworks jointly influence firm adaptation, sustainability, and financial resilience. ? 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This study examines whether capital markets respond to firm-level corruption by lowering access to external financing. Using a global panel of non-financial listed firms from 77 countries over 1998-2018, we analyze how corruption - measured using Refinitiv's firm-level "Policy, Bribery and Corruption Score"- affects the intensity of equity and debt financing. We classify firms into financially constrained and unconstrained groups based on multiple criteria and estimate panel regressions with extensive firm-, industry-, year-, and country-fixed effects. Our results show that corruption is associated with higher financing frictions, with the effect concentrated in debt markets. Equity issuance is largely insensitive to corruption, whereas debt financing falls significantly as corruption increases, consistent with creditors' heightened concerns about enforcement and information risk. These effects remain robust across alternative definitions of financing constraints, nonlinear and rescaled corruption measures, and additional institutional and macro-risk controls. We also find that corruption increases the external-cash flow sensitivity of firms, suggesting that corrupt firms face more market frictions. These patterns are especially pronounced among financially unconstrained firms. Overall, the findings highlight that capital markets - particularly debt markets - discipline firms with higher corruption exposure, revealing an important channel through which institutional weaknesses translate into financing frictions. ? 2026 World Scientific Publishing Company.

Purpose ? This study aims to investigate the viewer?vlogger?seller relationship and explain the cognitive reasons that result in recommendation behavior toward the vlogger and seller. Design/methodology/approach ? This study applied a mixed methodology for this study. Firstly, the authors conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with food vlog viewers to identify the prominent characteristics of vloggers and vlog content. Secondly, based on the results, the authors formulated a conceptual model using the Stimuli?Organism?Behavior?Consequence (SOBC) framework, where the complex interrelationships, including direct, indirect (mediation) and moderating effects, were tested by using structural equation modeling-AMOS 26.0. Findings ? Results indicate that consumers derive both utilitarian and hedonic value from food vloggers and their content, which in turn affects their intention to visit and recommend the content. Practical implications ? This study contributes to food vlog literature by adopting the SOBC framework to explain the relationship between food vlogger?viewer?sellers. Originality/value ? The study is one of its kind that explores the tri-relationship between the vlogger?viewer?sellers and contributes to consumer behaviors in the food and beverage context. ? 2026 Emerald Publishing Limited

The present study examines the contribution of the analysts to the Idiosyncratic Volatility (IVOL) effect. It finds that the negative IVOL effect is more prominent in the stocks covered by the analysts than in the non-covered stocks, as the high IVOL stocks attract favorable recommendations. The simultaneous impact of consensus recommendations and IVOL on the subsequent returns is negative. Furthermore, the favorable recommendations for high IVOL stocks are prominently visible when the firm size is small. Institutional ownership and market sentiment do not significantly impact the analysts' recommendations for high IVOL stocks. The analyst recommendations continue to be optimistically biased towards IVOL stocks over a period of time. Thus, it can be inferred that the favorable analyst recommendations contribute toward negative IVOL spread. The findings draw attention to the inefficient information dissemination by the analysts. The favorable recommendations can be explained by a mix of behavioral biases and incentive structures. ? The Author(s) 2026.

Purpose ? Women entrepreneurship has grown significantly and is essential in the social and economic development of the Indian and global economies. Through extensive bibliographic analysis, this article aims to generate a comprehensive intellectual landscape of women entrepreneurship in India and presents research gaps that can help advance the field. Design/methodology/approach ? The study has employed bibliometric analysis and used 163 primary research papers published in high-quality peer-reviewed journals from 1993 to 2024. It has used performance analysis, bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis to synthesize the intellectual structure and emerging research frontiers in the domain of women entrepreneurship. Findings ? The analysis reveals the growth in the research articles, most prominent authors and top-cited journals in the domain of women entrepreneurship in India. Through bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis, we highlight a few thematic clusters that have been explored by scholars, such as institutional influence, entrepreneurial intentions, capability building, etc. Furthermore, we identify a few emerging areas that require scholarly attention, such as the impact of government schemes and emerging technologies, intranational regional differences in women entrepreneurship, etc. Originality/value ? The originality of the article lies in the examination of the growth of the domain of women entrepreneurship in India in the last forty years and brings forward the intellectual structure of the domain. ? Emerald Publishing Limited

The challenge of managing stray animal populations, which significantly impacts agricultural economies worldwide, has not been fully addressed in the extant literature. This paper examines the complexities of stray cattle management, with a particular focus on India, where laws prohibiting cattle slaughter contribute to the issue of unproductive cattle. Our findings indicate that in the short term, government funding should be directed towards strategies such as sexed-semen usage and sterilization, while sheltering proves effective in the long term. The policy of adoption shows effectiveness only when incentives are increased. Using System Dynamics Modeling, this study analyzes the impact of key policy interventions on the stray cattle population and proposes an optimal policy mix by evaluating the effectiveness of different interventions. The results highlight the necessity of strategic budget allocation and integrating diverse policies to control and manage the stray cattle population effectively. ? 2025 The Society for Policy Modeling.

This study examines the influence of core self-evaluations (CSE) and proactive personality (PP) on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) among frontline employees in the hospitality industry, specifically within the hotel sector in India. Utilizing self-determination theory (SDT) as the theoretical framework, the research investigates how basic need satisfaction (BNS)?comprising autonomy, competence, and relatedness?moderates the relationship between CSE, PP, and OCB. Findings based on data collected from 361 employees of 4-star and 5-star hotels highlight that while both CSE and PP positively predict OCB, their impact is moderated by the satisfaction of basic needs. The study shows that among employees whose basic needs have been met, those with a more PP and a higher CSE are less likely to engage in extra-role behaviors. On the other hand, among employees whose basic needs are thwarted, those with more proactive personalities or higher core-self evaluations are more likely to perform tasks beyond their job roles. We present a post-hoc analysis for this counter-intuitive result. This research provides new insight into personality?OCB dynamics and highlights a boundary condition for SDT in the post-pandemic hospitality context. The study?s contributions are especially relevant in the ongoing debate on the dark sides of OCB. Practical implications are offered for talent management and work design in hotels. ? The Author(s) 2026

The world is witnessing a decline in democratic quality alongside a rise in economic policy uncertainty (EPU). This trend is significant because democratic institutions are shaped not only by political conditions but also by the economic and policy environment in which they operate. Although the literature has extensively examined the democracy?growth and uncertainty?growth relationships separately, limited empirical evidence exists on their joint impact on economic growth. This study addresses this gap by examining the combined effects of liberal democracy and EPU on economic growth across 21 countries from 1997 to 2021. The empirical results confirm a stable long-run relationship among the variables. GDP is positively associated with the Liberal Democracy Index (LDI) and negatively associated with EPU, after controlling for foreign direct investment (FDI), trade openness, and the consumer price index (CPI). In addition, the interaction term (LDI ? EPU) has a positive and significant effect on GDP, suggesting that stronger liberal democratic institutions enhance economic resilience under conditions of elevated uncertainty. Panel causality results further reveal bidirectional causality between LDI and GDP, along with a unidirectional causal effect from LDI ? EPU to GDP. Our findings underscore the centrality of a robust democratic framework in fostering sustainable economic growth, while highlighting the necessity of policy interventions that mitigate economic uncertainty. ? 2026 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Purpose ? An initial public offering (IPO) is a process in which a company sells its shares to the public for the first time. This study examines whether underwriter network centrality influences key outcomes of an IPO process, including investor participation, pricing, secondary sales, and the post-IPO analyst following. Design/methodology/approach ? First, we apply network analysis to measure underwriter network centrality. Then, we use multivariate regression models for hypotheses testing. Additionally, we employ matched-company analysis and two-stage least squares for robustness. Findings ? Higher network centrality leads to increased investor participation, higher analyst following, greater underpricing and increased intensity of secondary sales by pre-IPO investors. Practical implications ? Issuers can better assess lead manager selection, investors can incorporate network signals in entry/exit decisions, and regulators can better monitor concentration and market power in underwriting. Originality/value ? The study extends the IPO literature by documenting the role of underwriter network in IPO lifecycle, with novel evidence from the two-stage bidding and secondary sale outcomes in an Indian setting. ? Emerald Publishing Limited

The study evaluates the appropriateness and effectiveness of covariance-based, consistent and partial least squares structural equation modelling by comparing their outcomes on a proposed conceptual model while examining factors impacting customer loyalty in the Indian hotel industry. Using 382 responses collected through a structured survey, the model was evaluated using SmartPLS and AMOS software packages. The study underscores the superiority of partial least squares in handling non-normal data and small samples. At the same time, covariance-based method is more appropriate for larger samples and factor-based models. A consistent method demonstrates advantages in path coefficients and R? values while examining the model. Managerial implications emphasize tailoring different analytical methods to a specific research context. At the same time, researchers are advised to consider study-specific characteristics, such as sample size and model complexity, in their respective research problems. The study has limitations pertaining to the moderate sample size, the absence of control variables and dependency on a specific software. Future research could explore more complex models, incorporate formative constructs and address cross-industry applications. This study contributes to the methodological rigour of structural equation modelling approaches, providing valuable guidance to academics and practitioners in selecting the most appropriate analytical tools. ? 2025 IMI

Software as-a-service (SaaS) adoption is essential in regulated industry such as capital market to bring in scalability, required to deal with the fluctuations in trading volumes, and agility, required to stay responsive to changing market conditions. In this context, the study examines the factors that the capital market organization look for in adopting SaaS. Based on the perceived risk theory and prospect theory, we propose a perceived risk based IT governance framework in SaaS adoption decision in capital market. Following a case study-based research methodology, we examined the factors that influence the risk perception of the decision makers about SaaS-based solution in a capital market industry. We found that the decision to opt for SaaS adoption in organization depends on (i) the top management?s consideration for risk preference, problem framing, decision domain, and data security, and (ii) organizational processes in practice such as IT governance archetype and risk management processes. Based on this, we generate a risk score for a capital market firm to weigh potential benefits and risks in adopting SaaS. In this study, we assume that the top management provides guidance toward firm?s risk appetite which is then compared to the generated risk score to decide for SaaS adoption. This study contributes to the technology adoption literature by emphasizing the role of individual risk preferences and problem framing in influencing technology adoption decisions particularly for technologies that pose certain risks. Finally, the study contributes by bringing forth the role of an IT governance framework in assessing SaaS-related risks. ? 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This study deals with airlines? handling of customer complaints pre- and post-Covid 19. Authors extracted airlines? responses regarding redress, timeliness, apology, credibility, facilitation, and attentiveness and analyzed them pre- and post-pandemic. The results indicate the differential impacts of organizational responses on recovery satisfaction pre- and post-pandemic. Attentiveness (timeliness) had a significant role only pre- (post-) pandemic. Redress, credibility and facilitation remained crucial in both scenarios. Further, pre-pandemic results showed that the impact of organizational responses (credibility, timeliness, and facilitation) on recovery satisfaction was greater for failures associated with core rather than augmented elements of airline service. In the post-pandemic scenario, the impact of organizational responses on consumers? recovery satisfaction was the same for both categories of service failures. Thus, post-pandemic, airlines may emphasize redress, credibility, timeliness, and facilitation responses in their social media posts for both service failure types. ? The Author(s) 2024.

This research aims to advance the conceptual underpinnings of artificial intelligence in HRM (AI-HRM) in the era of digitization. Bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review using PRISMA on 172 research articles revealed the top themes that are being explored by the researchers, most contributive authors, organisations, countries, and organisations that are working towards AI-HRM. Through manual review of top research articles, the authors revealed the gaps and the research focus in the field of AI-HRM since year 2000 till 2022. Five major themes studied in AI-HRM were revealed through science mapping; digital transformation in HRM through artificial intelligence, big data, and human resource management, AI for decision making and resource allocation, AI for performance appraisal in HRM, and automation in HRM. Recommended future research avenues using TCM approach would be helpful to the professionals and researchers in the field to explore the AI in context of HRM and benefit from this novel technology of Industry 4.0. ? 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing.

Purpose Workplace loneliness costs enormously to business organizations and has sparked considerable interest among researchers and practitioners in identifying the proximal factors associated with it. Drawing on the conservation of resource perspective, this study aims to examine the impact of bullying experiences through co-worker(s) and supervisor(s) on workplace loneliness. This study further examines emotional exhaustion as an underlying psychological mechanism in the aforementioned relationship. Design/methodology/approach The multi-wave data was collected from a sample of 281 employees working in the Indian hospitality industry. Findings The authors found a significant positive relationship between workplace bullying through supervisor(s) and employees? experiences of loneliness. However, the association between workplace bullying experienced through co-worker(s) and employee?s loneliness appeared insignificant. In case of indirect effects, it was found that emotional exhaustion mediated the relationship between workplace bullying through supervisor(s) and loneliness among employees, but demonstrated insignificant effect in case of bullying through co-worker(s) ? loneliness relationship. Originality/value The study makes an original and meaningful contribution to overall loneliness and negative emotions literature by deepening insights around the consequences and boundary conditions of loneliness in the workplace. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are discussed. ? 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited

This study employs a mixed-method approach to examine how firms combine multiple real earnings management (REM) strategies under the performance pressure of meeting earnings benchmarks. Using expert-based modeling and panel data from QUAD countries (the United States, Japan, Australia, and India) between 2003 and 2022, we assess whether REM decisions follow structured, sequenced patterns. Qualitatively, we apply Fuzzy Interpretive Structural Modeling (F-ISM) and MICMAC analysis to map interdependencies among seven EM tools. The resulting framework reveals three dominant paths, shaped by implementation cost, detection risk, and urgency to meet earnings thresholds. Empirically, we estimate REM activities using established REM models (Roychowdhury, 2006; Gunny, 2010; Srivastava, 2019), confirming the prevalence of REM in the post-SOX era. We introduce a novel REM Bundling Index to capture whether firms deploy multiple REM techniques in a given year. Regression results show that firms narrowly meeting benchmarks are significantly more likely to engage in bundling behavior. This study contributes to corporate finance theory by framing REM as a structured, constraint-driven response rather than an isolated act. By linking process modeling with empirical data, we provide a forward-looking diagnostic tool for analysts and regulators monitoring sophisticated forms of financial reporting management. ? 2025 Elsevier Inc.

The relation between business group (BG) affiliation and firm performance has been a subject of scholarly debate, marked by conflicting evidence about the impact of BG affiliation. Despite the advantages of business groups for affiliated firms, the utilization of these advantages to outperform standalone firms remains unclear. Grounded in a resource-based view (RBV), this study explores the role of Organizational Psychological Capital (OPC) as a mediating mechanism influencing BG affiliation and firm performance relationship, particularly within emerging economies. Using the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator for 211 listed Indian listed firms from 2007 to 2017, our findings highlight the role of OPC as an outcome of BG affiliation. Further, the study shows the mediating effect of OPC in the BG affiliation and firm performance relationship. This relation is explained by identifying how OPC functions as a key intervening phenomenon, thereby recognizing OPC as a vital intangible resource for BG affiliated firms. ? 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of business group (BG) affiliation on affiliated firms' entrepreneurial orientation (EO). The authors further investigate the possible contingent factors affecting this relationship ? the age of BGs and the affiliated firm?s external linkages (ratio of external to in-house interlocks) on the relationship in an emerging market context. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs a dynamic panel data framework using the system-generalized method of moments (Sys-GMM) on a sample of 670 NSE-listed Indian firms during the?2006?2019 period. EO is measured through content analysis of the letters to shareholders (LTS) issued by the companies between the period 2006 and 2019. Findings: BG affiliates have more EO than standalone firms, as affiliates can access group-wide resources and capabilities apart from firm-specific resources. Affiliates of older BG have less EO since they are more entrenched in the institutional settings of their BG. Affiliates with more external linkages of board members will have a higher level of EO, as such linkages would subside inertial tendencies by exposing them to novel sets of information, resources and strategic practices. Further, the negative effect of BG age on EO is countered by external linkages. Overall, the study shows that the effect of group affiliation is not uniform and is contingent on the factors we have theorized and tested. Originality/value: The paper proposes the resource-based view and the institutional void theory as likely candidates for explaining the contribution of BGs towards the EO of its affiliates, especially in the context of emerging markets. The contingent role of BG age highlighted in the paper forewarns managers about the importance of establishing internal mechanisms to preserve the EO in affiliates. Our findings about the positive role played by external linkages of the board members provide one such mechanism that can be leveraged to enhance affiliated firm?s EO. ? 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited.